Haarlem

All About Haarlem

Haarlem is a city and municipality with a rich history and diverse culture. The city and municipality are located in the province of North Holland. The city lies on the river Spaarne and has a wonderful location relative to major cities such as Amsterdam and The Hague. With its vibrant centre, numerous sights, charming neighbourhoods, parks and lively events, Haarlem is a very attractive place in the Netherlands.

The Geography of Haarlem

Haarlem is located in the west of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. The city is surrounded by various other towns and villages, such as Bloemendaal, Zandvoort and Spaarndam. The city is crossed by the river Spaarne, which has played an indispensable role in the development of Haarlem. Haarlem is also close to the coast, meaning you can quickly reach the beach from here. The geography of Haarlem offers a wonderful mix of city, water and nature.

The Location of the City

Haarlem is located about 20 kilometres west of Amsterdam. The city is also conveniently located in relation to other major cities, such as The Hague, Rotterdam and Leiden. Thanks to its central location, it is easily accessible from many parts of the country. You can reach Haarlem well by bicycle, car or public transport.

The City Layout

The city of Haarlem is divided into various neighbourhoods, each with its own character. Well-known neighbourhoods worth visiting include the city centre, Schalkwijk, Noord, Oost and West. The vibrant centre is primarily known for its historic buildings, shops, restaurants, terraces and museums and is the heart of the city.

The Spaarne

The Spaarne is a beautiful river that flows through the city. This river has played a central role in Haarlem’s history. This is because it once served as a transport route for goods and merchant ships, making Haarlem an important trading city. The Spaarne is still a popular place for recreation and water sports activities today. Along the banks of the river you will find picturesque canal houses, lovely terraces and historic bridges.

The City Centre

The centre of Haarlem is the vibrant heart of the city. The inner city provides you with a large and diverse range of shops, with something for everyone. You will find countless shops, ranging from small boutiques to exclusive stores of major brands. Haarlem is not without reason called the best shopping city in the Netherlands.

The city also has many cultural sights where you can be surprised by old and contemporary artists, such as the St. Bavo Church, Frans Hals Museum and Teylers Museum.

On the atmospheric Grote Markt, the central square of the city, you will find numerous lovely terraces, cafés and restaurants. This charming square is surrounded by historic buildings. In Haarlem you will find the best spots for young and old. There is always something to experience in the centre!

The Neighbourhoods

Haarlem has countless lovely neighbourhoods, each with its own atmosphere and character. From the historic streets and courtyards in the old centre to the modern architecture in the new-build neighbourhoods, the areas are incredibly diverse. The neighbourhoods of Haarlem offer plenty of possibilities for living, working and recreation. Whether you are looking for a lively neighbourhood full of shops and nightlife or prefer to stroll through a quiet street with green parks nearby, it is all possible here.

Parks and Areas in Haarlem

If you are a true nature lover, then Haarlem is definitely worth a visit. Haarlem has beautiful nature, with various lovely parks and green areas in the surroundings. Well-known parks include the Haarlemmerhout, the Bolwerken and Kenaupark. These green areas offer you the opportunity to enjoy walking, cycling or recreation.

Why is Haarlem the Capital of the Province of North Holland?

Haarlem is the capital of North Holland thanks to its historical and cultural significance and central location within the province. Originally, Haarlem was a trading city and a vibrant centre of art and culture during the Golden Age. The combination of important trading city and excellent accessibility ensured that Haarlem was chosen as the strategic location for the capital of North Holland.

How Far is Haarlem from Amsterdam?

Haarlem is located approximately 20 kilometres west of the major city of Amsterdam. From Amsterdam you can easily reach Haarlem by train, bus or car. Travel time varies depending on which mode of transport you choose and traffic conditions. Are you travelling by public transport? From station to station you are often only a short time travelling.

Is Haarlem Bigger than Amsterdam?

No, Haarlem is not bigger than Amsterdam. In terms of area and population, Amsterdam is known as the largest city in our country. Haarlem is a large city, but compared to Amsterdam it is smaller.

The Demographics of Haarlem

The demographics of Haarlem are diverse and dynamic. Both younger and older generations can be found in the city, creating a wonderful mix of age groups. Haarlem is welcoming to all cultures, which contributes to the cultural diversity of the city. People with different backgrounds come together here.

How Many Inhabitants Does Haarlem Have?

Haarlem has approximately 160,000 inhabitants. The population composition of the city is diverse, with people of different cultures and nationalities. The city has a mix of young and older residents.

The Composition of the Inhabitants of Haarlem

A large part of the population in Haarlem consists of native Dutch people, but it is also a city known for attracting many international residents. You will also find communities of Surinamese, Antillean, Turkish, Moroccan people and people with an Indonesian or Moluccan background.

What Religions are There in Haarlem?

Various religious communities are represented in the city. Christianity is strongly present and Catholic and Protestant denominations are well represented. The Muslim community is also visible in the city. Haarlem is characterised by respecting diverse religious and philosophical beliefs, contributing to cultural diversity.

What is the Nickname of the Inhabitants?

People who live in Haarlem are generally called Haarlemmers. This informal nickname is used for residents of the city. Someone who lives here is often addressed with the word ‘Haarlemmer’.

The Dialect of the Inhabitants

In Haarlem, the North Holland dialect is spoken. This dialect has many similarities with the Amsterdam dialect, as these cities are located close to each other. The Haarlem dialect has its own specific characteristics and vocabulary, distinguishing it from other Dutch dialects.

The History of Haarlem

Haarlem has a rich history that dates back to the Middle Ages. The city originated around the 10th century and grew in the following years into an important trading city. During the Golden Age, the Haarlem economy also grew rapidly. Not only was it a centre of art and science, it is still a vibrant city with an enormous cultural offering today.

The Origins of the City of Haarlem

Haarlem finds its origins in the Middle Ages, starting as a settlement on the banks of the well-known river Spaarne. During the Golden Age, Haarlem reached its peak as an economic and cultural centre. Throughout history, the city has faced several challenges, such as economic decline, wars and city fires. Nevertheless, the city always managed to recover.

Today it is a flourishing city with a rich history. There are still plenty of features that remind you of the past. Think of the medieval streets, historic buildings and canals.

Construction of the Canals

One of the things Haarlem is known for is its wonderful canals. These canals were developed into important waterways in the city. They were constructed to protect the city. Today they still contribute to the beauty and unique charm of the city.

Population Growth Over the Years

Haarlem has experienced significant population growth over the years. Thanks to flourishing trade and textile industry, the city grew enormously during the Middle Ages. The population grew further during the Golden Age, when the city became an important centre for art and science. Today the city has more than 160,000 inhabitants.

The History of Transport in Haarlem

The traffic situation has evolved over the years. Where previously horse and carriage were mainly used, tram lines were constructed in the 19th century. Nowadays, the public transport connections of the city leave nothing to be desired. You can reach the city very well by public transport. The train station offers direct connections to other major cities in the Netherlands.

Development of Architecture in Haarlem

Various historical periods and styles can be seen in Haarlem. Think of medieval structures such as the town hall, but also the typical Dutch gables from the Golden Age. Nowadays you will also find modern architecture, characterised by renovated buildings and contemporary designs.

History of the Economy in Haarlem

The economy was at its peak during the Golden Age, when the city was a major centre for trade, art and textile production. In the following years, the economy shifted to other sectors, such as the service sector.

Municipality of Haarlem

In the surroundings of Haarlem, various villages are located that are part of the municipality of Haarlem. Each village has its own character and offers a lovely mix of countryside with the city nearby. Villages in the area include Spaarndam, Overveen, Bloemendaal, Santpoort, Haarlemmerliede and Spaarnwoude.

Politics and Governance

The municipal council is responsible for local governance and making decisions on matters relating to the municipality. The council consists of 39 members, who are elected every four years by the residents of Haarlem. Several political parties are active in the municipality, including GroenLinks, D66, PvdA, VVD and CDA.

Currently, the mayor is Jos Wienen. He took office in 2016 and is a member of the VVD. He represents the city at various occasions and plays an indispensable role in maintaining public order and safety.

The Culture of Haarlem

Haarlem, also known as the flower city, has a rich cultural scene. You will find countless sights that reflect the history and charm of the city.

Sights and Historic Buildings

Haarlem has a wide range of sights and historic buildings. Think of the Grote Kerk (St. Bavo Church), which dominates the cityscape. The Frans Hals Museum is also a real attraction. Here you will find paintings and artworks by the famous Haarlem painter Frans Hals and other painters of the Haarlem School.

Oldest Museum

If you are here, a visit to Teylers Museum is really a must if you love art and culture. This is the oldest museum in the Netherlands, providing you with a large collection in the field of art and science. From paintings to other beautiful works, you will be amazed.

The Grote Markt

The Grote Markt is known as the central square of Haarlem. It is a vibrant hub of all kinds of activities. The square is surrounded by historic buildings and the Grote Kerk is located here. At this popular meeting place you can enjoy numerous cosy hospitality venues. From French star chefs to Dutch masters, you will find it all here. Events and markets are regularly organised on the Grote Markt.

Churches in Haarlem

The city offers a number of beautiful churches that reflect the religions of the city. In addition to the Grote Kerk, the Nieuwe Kerk and the Catholic church the Cathedral Basilica of St. Bavo are also located here. The churches in Haarlem are characterised not only by their remarkable architecture, but also give you a glimpse into the religious experience and spiritual aspects of the city.

The Windmills of Haarlem

What is also worth seeing when you visit Haarlem are the iconic windmills. In the past, the city had no fewer than 50 windmills, but that number has since decreased considerably. The most famous windmill is the Adriaan Mill, which stands in a beautiful spot on the river Spaarne. You have the opportunity to visit it, so you can enjoy a breathtaking view over the city.

Bridges Over the Canals in Haarlem

The bridges have also been an important feature in Haarlem for centuries. They are not only a functional part of traffic, but also play an important role in the cultural and historical landscape. The picturesque bridges have a charming appearance that characterises the city.

Famous Museums in Haarlem

The Frans Hals Museum and Teylers Museum are certainly the most famous museums the city has to offer. But the Dolhuys Museum is also definitely worth a visit. This museum is housed in a former psychiatric hospital. Here, as a culture lover, you get a glimpse into the history and perception of mental health.

Golden Streets

If you are in Haarlem, it is also recommended to visit the Golden Streets. These charming streets are known for their historic buildings, boutiques, cafés and terraces. The most famous are the Gierstraat, Zijlstraat and Kleine Houtstraat.

These unique streets are not only popular because of their many shops and hospitality venues, but also because of the historic buildings that surround them. It is a must-visit for anyone in the city. It is the ultimate opportunity to experience the rich history and charm of the city.

Events in Haarlem

In a vibrant city like Haarlem you will find a bustling range of events. Throughout the year you have the chance to enjoy various festivals, markets and other cultural events. Below you will find some popular events you can attend.

The Flower Parade

Thousands of visitors flock to Haarlem every year in April for the flower parade. This is not without reason, as this event is a true spectacle. During the flower parade, beautiful floats are decorated with flower displays, which then parade through the city.

Bevrijdingspop

On Liberation Day, the fifth of May, Haarlem celebrates with Bevrijdingspop. This is a free open-air festival in the Haarlemmerhout. During this event you can enjoy live music from various well-known artists and a wide range of activities for young and old.

Funfair in Haarlem

For several days in summer, the Grote Markt is transformed into a funfair. In the heart of the city centre you can enjoy all kinds of rides, delicious food and a great atmosphere.

Christmas Market

During the Christmas period there is also plenty to see and experience in Haarlem. Every year a Christmas market is organised on the Grote Markt. At this beautiful Christmas market you have the chance to pick up Christmas decorations, treats, drinks and artisan products. Naturally, you will find yourself completely immersed in the Christmas spirit.

Events on the Grote Markt

When it comes to events, you will not be short of options in this vibrant city. Below you will find an overview of fun events worth visiting.

Haarlem Jazz & More

The Grote Markt is one of the squares where it all happens. One of the most popular music festivals often takes place here: Haarlem Jazz & More. As the name suggests, during this event you can enjoy a wide range of jazz performances. This takes place not only on the Grote Markt, but at multiple locations in the city.

Haarlem Culinair

Haarlem Culinair is a must-visit if you are a food lover. At this culinary festival you can enjoy delicious dishes and drinks from various speciality shops and local restaurants. A guarantee for great flavours!

Stripdagen Haarlem

The multi-day event Stripdagen Haarlem is the ideal place to be for comic book lovers. The event is completely dedicated to comics, with lectures, signing sessions and exhibitions.

Mars der Muzikanten

As a music lover, you can also discover Haarlem during the Mars der Muzikanten. This music festival attracts various music groups from both the Netherlands and abroad. They create a colourful parade through the city.

The Economy of Haarlem

The Haarlem economy is very diverse. The city is known for its flourishing business sector, with a healthy mix of enterprises. Creative and cultural industries are established here, but sectors such as technology, healthcare and services also play an important role in the city’s economy.

What Does the Economy of Haarlem Look Like?

The city offers a good environment for entrepreneurship and innovation. In Haarlem you will find various business parks and business centres, where numerous companies are established. The city places great value on sustainability and green technology.

Companies in Haarlem

All kinds of companies are established in the city. The city offers space for startups, small and medium-sized businesses and large corporations. Many sectors are represented in the city, including media, marketing, art, graphic design, technology, healthcare, retail and services.

Income in Haarlem

Haarlem’s income is generally higher than the national average. This is due to the great diversity of professions and the well-developed labour market. As a result, more and more people from surrounding cities, such as Amsterdam and The Hague, are choosing to work in Haarlem. The city owes this to its central location and good accessibility.

Shops and Markets in Haarlem

Shops and markets are indispensable to the Haarlem economy. In the centre of Haarlem you will find boutiques, speciality shops, art galleries and speciality stores all within walking distance. Markets are regularly organised on the Grote Markt, such as the antique market and flower market. Shop around the Grote Markt or pay a visit to the Botermarkt street to pick up great items.

Tourism in Haarlem

The city attracts many visitors annually. This is entirely due to its remarkable history, cultural events, architecture and picturesque canals that the city has to offer. As a tourist you can enjoy beautiful shops, historic sights, museums and atmospheric dining establishments here.

Traffic and Transport In and Around Haarlem

Haarlem is excellently connected to other cities and regions thanks to its central location and very good accessibility. Below you will find more information about traffic and transport in and around this well-known city.

Important Motorways In and Around Haarlem

Haarlem has a good location in relation to important motorways. Think of the A20, the motorway that lies to the east of Haarlem and connects the city with cities such as Amsterdam, Alkmaar and Amstelveen. The A200 is also easily accessible. This motorway runs to the north of Haarlem and connects the city with coastal towns such as Zandvoort and Bloemendaal. Via the A200 you can reach the coast with beautiful beaches by car in no time.

Roads Running Through Haarlem

Not only the motorways are important for travelling from A to B from Haarlem, there are more important roads running through the city itself that provide local and regional connections. Think of the N200, which runs from Amsterdam to Zandvoort and passes straight through Haarlem. Additionally, the N205 road is important. This road runs from Haarlem to Schiphol Airport and is a popular route for local and international traffic.

Railways In and Through Haarlem

Haarlem’s train station plays an important role in the Dutch rail network. The station offers excellent connections with other major cities, making travelling from here easy and fast. The station provides good connections with cities including Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht.

Buses and Other Transport in Haarlem

Not only travelling by train to and from Haarlem is a good option. The bus network also leaves nothing to be desired. There are various bus lines that travel through the city or take you to other surrounding towns or villages.

Cycling is also a popular form of transport in this city. Thanks to the bicycle-friendly infrastructure, the city is easy to explore by bike.

Shipping in Haarlem

Thanks to the favourable location on the river Spaarne, you have the opportunity to take part in canal cruises or boat trips on the Spaarne and the canals. Sail along the canals or on the river to discover all the beauty of the city from the water.

Visiting Haarlem

Haarlem is an attractive city full of historic sights and lively squares. This makes it an ideal destination for a day trip or weekend away. There are plenty of great places for an overnight stay and you can easily spend several days here. You will not get bored quickly, because thanks to the wide range of shops, culture and hospitality venues, there is always something to experience here. Haarlem has everything in store for an unforgettable day trip or weekend away.